中華民國十四年月份牌

包括了人們進行不同活動的插圖,有註音以及中國不同方言的分布圖,還有日歷。

英文翻译

Year Yichou (of sexagenary cycle)—ROC Year 14—Western (Gregorian) Calendar Year 1925

[From left to right]
B(Bei): Sound of a click beetle “clicking” [Chinese: bowing beetle “kowtowing”]; P(Pai): Sound of spitting water on canvas; M(Mo): Sound of a cow mooing; F(Wu, in Wu pronunciation): Growling of an angry cat; V(Wu, in Shanghai pronunciation): Sound of agony of a person holding hot items; D(De): Sound of a bird pecking wood; T(Te): Sound of a clock pendulum swinging; N(Na, in Ningbo pronunciation): Sound of calling a child and giving him/her things; L(Le): Sound of calling pigs; G(Ge): Sound of ribbits
K(Ke): Sound of coughing up fish bones; NG(E): Sound of a baby crying; H(Hei): Sound of a dog panting on a hot day; J(Ji): Sound of a rat squeaking; Q(Qi): Sound of grinding jade; GN(Ni): Sound of mixing ingredients
X(Xi): Sound of firecracker; ZH(Zhi): Sound of a cicada chirping; CH(Chi): Sound of chasing chicken; SH(Shi) Sound of chasing ducks; R(RI): Sound of a craftsman using an auger; Z(Zi): Sound of an awl penetrating things
C(Ci): Sound of a blacksmith tempering iron; S(Si): Sound of dumping rice; I(Yi): Sound of a spinning machine; U(Wu): Sound of a musician blowing a bugle/horn; YU(Yu): Sound of driving donkeys; A(A): Sound of a crow cawing
O(E): Sound of tricking [sic] a child to sleep; E(E): Sound of hiccuping; AE: Sound of frightening at weird occurrences; AI(Ai): Sound of expressing regrets/sorriness; EI: Sound of calling people to warn them; AO(Ao): Sound of responding to an order
OU(Ou): Sound of a yamen runner clearing the street; AN(An): Crying of a child; EN(En): Sound of a pounder exerting force; ANG(Ang): Sound of coolies shouting/calling; ENG(Eng): Sound of whisper; ER(Er): Sound of a dog in pain

Surrounding the map of China: Map of the twelve Chinese dialect families by Mr. Li Shaoxi.
IN the map: Northern Mandarin: 1. Hebei family 2. Henan family 3. Hexi family; Southern Mandarin: 4. Jianghuai family 5. Jianghan system 6. Jianghu family 7. Jinsha family; Suzhe dialects: 8. Taihu family 9. Zheyuan family; Coastal dialects: 10. Ouhai family 11. Minhai family 12. Yuehai family

Below: From Jiazi to Yichou. Yin-yang (Lunar and Solar) Calendar of Fourteenth year of the Republic of China, 1925 of Western (Gregorian) Calendar.

On the right: National Day: October 10th; Memorial Days: Establishment of the Nanjing government, January 1st; Beijing’s announcement of the (establishment of) the Republic, and the unification of the north and south. February 12th; The first revolt (of 1917 to put down the restoration of Qing) in Machang that reestablished the Republic, July 3rd; Yunnan’s proposal to support the Republic, December 25th; Opening ceremony of the National Assembly, April 8th. Memorial Day of Humiliation, May 9th. Summary: National Day and Memorial Days follow Solar (Gregorian) Calendar, and the (24) Solar Terms follow the Lunar Calendar; Example: All blocks ▉ in the calendar mark Sunday.

First row from right to left: solar January-lunar Month 12th, solar February-lunar Month 1st, solar March-lunar Month 2nd, solar April-lunar Month 3rd, solar May-lunar Month 4th, solar June-lunar Month 4th, solar July-lunar Month 5th, solar August-lunar Month 6th, solar September-lunar Month 7th, solar October-lunar Month 8th, solar November-lunar Month 9th, solar December-lunar Month 10th
(Below is a calendar of both lunar and solar calendar dates)

On the left: Jieqi (24 Solar Terms): Xiaohan (12th of Month 12); Dahan (16th of Month 12); Lichun (12th of Month 1); Yushui (27th of Month 1); Jingzhe (12th of Month 2); Chunfen (27th of Month 2); Qingming (13th of Month 3); Guyu (28th of Month 3); Lixia (14th of Month 4); Xiaoman (29th of Month 4); Mangzhong (16th of Leap Month 4); Xiazhi (2nd of Month 5); Xiaoshu (18th of Month 5); Dashu (3rd of Month 6); Liqiu (19th of Month 6); Chushu (6th of Month 7); Bailu (28th of Month 7); Qiufen (6th of Month 8); Hanlu (22nd of Month 8); Shuangjiang (7th of Month 9); Lidong (22nd of Month 9); Xiaoxue (8th of Month 10); Daxue (22nd of Month 10); Dongzhi (7th of Month 11)

Bottom texts, from left to right:

Mr. Li Shaoxi said, the area in which Mandarin prevails occupies more than half of the benbu (18 provinces of the Qing, aka “China proper”), but they are the easiest to unify. The area in which Mandarin is used is so vast because of the accumulation in history, therefore [to achieve] the two characters “Tong Yi” (unify) would just require a standardization of minor differences [across regions].

The Russian poet Vasili Eroshenko came to China and said [asked], curiously, why so few people among the 400 million in this country are interested in literature. People who labor do not have the time to pursue the study of hard-to-recognize Chinese characters, which wastes their time and is hard to make practical use. The barrier imposed by this kind of characters is stronger than the Great Wall that spans 10,000 li and os fiercer than absolute monarchy.

Mr. Hu Shih said the so-called national language (or Mandarin) includes the very similar Mandarins from the area bounded by the Great Wall, the Yangzi River, The Three Provinces of Northeast (aka Manchuria), and the Three Provinces of the Southwest.
Mr. Zhang Zhongren said those of us who do not recognize foreign words lack half of their “five facial organs” already, and those who do not even know the language of their own country are worse off.
Mr. Yu Rizhang said only 7 people in every 1,000 Chinese are literature, and the remaining 993 are illiterate
Mr. Wu Zhihui said the Zhuyin alphabets are useful in two ways, 1. Unifying sounds, and 2. Conveniences common education for 30 years.
Bless the viewers (of the poster) with longevity.

Published by The Commercial Press

简化的转录

岁次乙丑——中华民国十四年月份牌——西历一千九百廿五年

B (北)腷膊虫叩头声;P(拍)含水喷布声;M(墨)牛鸣声;F(勿,吴音)猫怒鬪声:V(勿,沪音)执热护痛声;D(得)鸟喙啄木声;T(忒)钟摆来去声;N(纳,宁音)呼孩赐物声;L(勒)唤豕声;G(格)蛙鸣声
K(克)咳鲠骨声;NG(额)婴儿啼声;H(黑)犬热呼吸声;J(基)鼠急叫声;Q(欺)磋玉石声;GN(尼)搅酽腻物声
X(希)花炮发火声;ZH(枝)知了鸣声;CH(痴)猛逐群鸡声;SH(诗)赶鸭阵声;R(日)匠用扶钻声;Z(子)锥尖透物声
C(此)铁工淬铁声;S(私)倾倒米屑声;I(衣)纺纱声;U(乌)乐工吹号声;YU(雨)赶驴声;A(啊)寒鸦鸣声
O(屙)骗小儿睡声;E(扼)打冷膈声;AE[ㄝ]骇怪声;AI(哀)叹惜声;EI[ㄟ]呼人警告声;AO(奥)听命应诺声
OU(呕)皂役喝道声;AN(安)顽童哭声;EN(恩)舂者用力声;ANG(盎)苦力呼应声;ENG[ㄥ]私语鼻应声;ER(耳)小犬负痛声

黎劭西先生分汉语方言十二系区域图
北方官话:1. 河北系 2. 河南系 3. 河西系
南方官话:4. 江淮系 5. 江汉系 6. 江湖系 7. 金沙系
苏浙语:8. 太湖系 9. 浙源系
海滨语:10.瓯海系 11. 闽海系 12. 粤海系

甲子至乙丑 中华民国十四年阴阳历对照表 西历一十九百二十五年

国庆日 十月十日
纪念日 南京政府成立 一月一日 北京宣布共和南北统一 二月十二日 马厰*首义再造共和 七月三日 云南倡议拥护共和 十二月廿五日 国会开幕 四月八日
国耻纪念 五月九日
略 国庆纪念均从阳历节气均从阴历
例 表中有▉为日曜日 即星期日又称礼拜日
*原文作“厰”,应为“廠”,即“厂”

阳历一月-阴历十二月 阳历二月-阴历正月 阳历三月-阴历二月 阳历四月-阴历三月 阳历五月-阴历四月 阳历六月-阴历四月 阳历七月-阴历五月 阳历八月-阴历六月 阳历九月-阴历七月 阳历十月-阴历八月 阳历十一月-阴历九月 阳历十二月-阴历十月
[下为阴阳历日期对照表,此略]

节气 小寒 十二月十二 大寒 十二月二十六 立春 正月十二 雨水 正月二十七 惊蛰 二月十二 春分 二月二十七 清明 三月十三 谷雨 三月二十八 立夏 四月十四 小满 四月二十九 芒种 闰四月十六 夏至 五月初二 小暑 五月十八 大暑 六月初三 立秋 六月十九 处暑 七月初六 白露 七月二十一 秋分 八月初六 寒露 八月二十二 霜降 九月初七 立冬 九月二十二 小雪 十月初八 大雪 十月二十二 冬至 十一月初七

黎劭西先生说官话通行的区域占了本部的大半*却是最容易统一的…官话所包区域如此广大自是积之有素所以统一两字不过是于大同小异之中加以整理定其标准罢了
俄国诗人爱罗先珂跑到中国来很奇怪的说道在这四万万人民的国中怎么只有很少数喜欢文学的人呢…作工的人没有空闲去研究白费功夫而难见功效的难认难识的中国字…这种文字的障碍比万里长城更要坚固比君主专制的威毒还要厉害
*即清内地十八省

浙江省的语言,算是中国各省语言中最复杂的啦。金华道区所属的地方和安徽的东南部,江西的东北部,可以看作一个系统,我曾经叫牠作浙源系,——浙源的意思,就是说浙水发源的一带地方,——这种分法,章太炎先生也曾经说过的。这一系的语言,并不是完全相同,不过我们听起来,仿佛另自成了一种味道儿,而且和国语国音相去很远;要讲国语统一,这一系是应该特别注意的啦。(节录黎劭西通信)

胡适之先生说所谓国语是指从长域*到长江从东三省到西南三省这个区域里头大同小异的普通话
张仲仁先生说我们不认得外国字的人五官已经缺少了一半再看连本国字都不识的人那不更苦了么?
余日章先生说中国一千个人里面只有七个人认识字的不识字的倒有九百九十三个人
吴稚晖先生说注音字母有两个大用处(一)统一语音(二)便利三十年通俗教育
栋寿 观宾
*注音为“ㄔㄥ”,应为“长城”

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